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Battery, Battery Materials

The secondary battery market has recently been expanding from the application market for small IT to the ESS and EV markets, and the anode market is also expected to increase accordingly.

 

Since the first release of LIB by Sony in 1991, commercialized carbon and graphite materials have kept their place as the anode materials for lithium secondary batteries. At present, most battery makers are using composite materials made from natural and synthetic graphite. Recent research on anode materials has been directed into the development of synthetic graphite-based materials to meet the requirements (e.g., long-lasting) for mid-sized secondary batteries used in vehicles and power storage devices. The anode material industry, once led by Japanese makers, is seeing an increasing share of Chinese makers, and in Korea, POSCO is actively pursuing anode material business, leading the domestic market. However, graphite-based anode material has already reached the theoretical capacity limit. Further improvements in battery capacity depend on the development of novel materials.

 

Recently as the required battery capacity in smartphones increase to over 3,000mA and tablet and ultra pc use large storage lithium-polymer battery with over 4,000mAh, the capacity level of Anode material is also growing substantially as well.

 

Also, as medium-large sized battery used in electric vehicle and ESS need high-capacity Anode material, silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) from carbon-based and graphite-based Anode material that were originally used are recently receiving attention, and research in these field is also very active. 

 

Besides carbon and graphite, Si-C composite, Si-alloy, and SiOx are under development to achieve high-capacity of lithium secondary batteries. Among the three, SiOx and Si-alloy are a step closer to commercialization, and some makes are opted for these two candidates to increase battery capacity; however, the longevity and swelling issues should be properly addressed to realize the potential of these novel materials. Other candidates include metal oxides (e.g., LTO) and metals (e.g., Sn). 

 

The global anode material market has been led by Japanese, Chinese, and Korean manufacturers. Chinese manufacturers have been increasing their global market share and emerged as new dominant players with strong competitive pricing, thanks to their mine ownerships and the large scale of the domestic market. Facing this challenge, Japanese manufacturers are resorting to their advanced synthetic graphite technology and patent portfolios. On the other hand, Korean anode manufacturers, which own neither mines nor industry-leading technologies, have been showing sluggish performance. They are behind in the cost reduction and technology competition against Chinese and Japanese manufacturers and seeking to find breakthroughs by winning contracts to supply anode materials for Samsung SDI, LG Chem, SK Innovation, and rapidly growing Chinese battery makers. According to 2017 sales records, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean manufacturers account for 75, 22, and 2% of the global supply, respectively.

 

The global anode material shipments reached 202,740 tons in 2017, and Chinese manufacturer BRT took first place in shipment with 45,800 tons. Next to BRT, ShanShan (China), Hitachi (Japan), Zichen (China), Mitsubishi (Japan) shipped 27,570, 23,970, 14,360, and 12,010 tons of anode materials. The market share of Korean manufacturers is limited to less than 2%. In the domestic market, POSCO Chemtech is increasing its graphite supply to LG Chem. Aekyung Petrochemical is producing hard carbon and surface modified natural graphite. GS Caltex produced soft carbon anode material but has recently sold the business division. In the small-sized secondary battery market, BRT and Hitch are shipping more anode materials to ATL and Panasonic, respectively. For mid- and large-sized secondary batteries, BTR, ShanShan, Hitachi, Zichen, Mitsubishi, and Xingcheng are leading the anode material market.

  

In this report, various types of anode materials, in particular, metal and compound-based anode materials are overviewed, and their technology development trends have been discussed. Furthermore, the current market demand for novel anode materials to increase the capacity of lithium secondary batteries and ongoing technology development efforts have been described in detail.

 

In addition, this report examines the current status of anode material production by manufacturer in Japan, China, Korea and other countries; 10 Japanese companies, 10 Chinese companies and 8 Korean companies.

  

Lastly, the consumer-side trend and the provider-side trend are provided based on pipelines by country, manufacturer, and type. In addition, the demand for the anode material market in the IT and EV market until 2025 is forecasted.

  

[Contents]  

 

1. Introduction

1.1. Lithium metal secondary battery and Li-ion battery

1.2 Lithium Metal Anode 

1.3 Requirement for anode material as alternative for lithium metal 

1.4 Current status of development of carbon based anode 

1.5 Current status of development of anode material 

 

2. Carbon-based anode material 

2.1 Introduction of Carbon-based material 

2.1.1 Combination style of carbon atoms 

2.1.2 Manufacture of Carbon 

2.1.2.1 Gas-phase carbonization 

2.1.2.2 Liquid phase carbonization 

2.1.2.3 Solid state carbonization 

2.2 Soft carbon based anode material 

2.2.1 Graphite 

2.2.1.1 Structural property 

2.2.1.2 Electrochemical property 

2.2.1.3 Electrode reaction mechanism 

2.2.1.4 Manufacturing graphitic carbon material and commercial graphite 

2.2.1.4.1 Artificial graphite 

2.2.1.4.2 Natural graphite 

2.2.1.4.3 Purification of natural graphite 

2.2.1.5 Coated carbon graphite 

2.2.1.6 Improvement of spherical natural graphite properties 

2.2.2 Low temperature calcined carbon 

2.2.2.1 Structural property 

2.2.2.2 Electro-chemical property 

2.2.2.3 Electrode reaction mechanism 

2.2.2.4 Manufacturing method 

2.3 Hard carbon based anode material 

2.3.1 Hard carbon based materials (non-graphitizable carbons) 

2.3.1.1 Structural property 

2.3.1.2 Electro-chemical property 

2.3.1.3 Electrode reaction mechanism 

2.3.1.4 Manufacturing method 

2.4 LIB Characteristic by used Carbon based anode 

 

3. Alloy anode material 

3.1 Introduction of alloy anode 

3.2 Characteristic and manufacturing technology of alloy anode material 

3.2.1 Problem and solution 

3.2.2 Metal composite anode material 

3.2.3 Metal-Carbon composite anode material 

3.2.3.1 Carbon coating for high capacity active metals and alloys 

3.2.3.2 High capacity active metal and alloy/graphitic carbon composite 

3.2.3.3 Carbon coating for composite of high capacity active metal and alloy/graphitic carbon 

3.2.3.4 Si chemical deposition for graphite and carbon nano fiber 

3.2.3.5 Yolk-shell Composite structure 

3.2.3.6 Graphene-coated Si particles 

3.2.3.7 Mesoporous Ge/GeO2/Carbon composite 

3.2.3.8 Si-Graphene composite using silicon wastes 

3.2.3.9 Si-based composite using micro Si particles 

3.2.3.10 Low-cost silicon raw material 

3.2.3.11 Carbon coating on Si particles 

3.2.5 Developmental trend of Si-based high-capacity anode materials 

3.2.6 Other Si anode material 

3.2.6.1 Three-dimensional porous Si 

3.2.6.2 Si nano tube 

3.2.7 Metal/alloy thin-film anode 

 

4. High-powered Anode materials development trends 

4.1 Intercalation materials 

4.2 Alloying materials 

4.3 Conversion materials 

4.4 Nano-structured Micro-sized Particles 

4.5 Outlook 

 

5. Compound anode material 

5.1 Oxide anode material 

5.1.1 Li4Ti5O12 (or Li4/3Ti5/3O4) 

5.1.2 TiO2 

5.1.2.1 Rutile TiO2 

5.1.2.2 Anatase TiO2 

5.1.2.3 TiO2-B 

5.1.2.4 Brookite 

5.2 Nitride anode material 

 

6. Influence of anode on stability of Li-ion battery 

 

7. Worldwide company trend of anode 

7.1 Anode manufacturer in Japan 

7.1.1 Hitachi Chemical 

7.1.2 Nippon Carbon 

7.1.3 JFE Chemical 

7.1.4 Mitsubishi Chemical 

7.1.5 Hitachi Powdered Metals 

7.1.6 Kureha 

7.1.7 Showa Denko 

7.1.8 Shinetsu 

7.1.9 Other anode manufacturers in Japan 

 

7.2 Anode manufacturer in China 

7.2.1 BTR Eneregy Materials Co., Ltd. 

7.2.2 Shanghai Shanshan Tech Co., Ltd. 

7.2.3 Easpring 

7.2.4 Changsha Xingcheng 

7.2.5 Zichen 

7.2.6 Zheungtuo 

7.2.7 Sinuo 

7.2.8 XFH 

7.2.9 Huzhou Chungya 

7.2.10 Morgan AM&T Hairong Co., Ltd  

7.3 Anode manufacturers in Korea 

7.3.1 Posco Chemtech 

7.3.2 GS Energy 

7.3.3 Aekyung Petrochemical 

7.3.4 Iljin Electric 

7.3.5 Daejoo Electronic Materials 

7.3.6 WFM 

7.3.7 EG 

7.3.8 MK Electron 

 

8. Market forecast- Anode material for Lithium secondary battery (~2025) 

8.1 Current status of global anode material consumption 

8.1.1 Change in global anode material consumption 

8.1.2 Change in anode material consumption by country 

8.1.3 Change in anode material consumption by type 

8.1.4 Change in anode material consumption by country and type (Korea/Japan/China) 

8.2 Current status of anode material consumption by Li-ion secondary manufacturer 

8.2.1 Samsung SDI- current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.2 LG Chemical-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.3 SK Innovation-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.4 Panasonic-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.5 Sony-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.6 AESC-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.7 Hitachi-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.8 ATL-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.9 BYD-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.10 Lishen-current status of anode material consumption 

8.2.11 Coslight-current status of anode material consumption 

8.3 Current status of anode material supply by company 

8.3.1 Hitachi Chemical 

8.3.2 Nippon Carbon 

8.3.3 JFE Chemical 

8.3.4 Mitsubishi Chemical 

8.3.5 BTR 

8.3.6 ShanShan 

8.3.7 Zichen 

8.3.8 Posco Chemtech 

8.4 LIB Anode Capacity of production 

8.5 LIB Anode Market Forecast (~2025) 

8.6 LIB Anode Price Forecast (~2025) 

 

References